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be addicted to much wine

  • 1 οἶνος

    οἶνος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)
    ① a beverage made from fermented juice of the grape, wine; the word for ‘must’, or unfermented grape juice, is τρύξ (Anacr. et al.; pap); lit. J 2:3, 9f (on abundance of wine in the anticipated future s. Jo 2:19, 24; Am 8:13–15; En 10:19. HWindisch, Die joh. Weinregel: ZNW 14, 1913, 248–57. Further material on the marriage at Cana Hdb.3 ’33, exc. after 2:12. S. also HNoetzel, Christus u. Dionysos ’60); 4:46. οἶνος (v.l. ὄξο) μετὰ χολῆς μεμιγμένος wine mixed with gall Mt 27:34 (s. χολή 1). ὄξος καὶ οἶν. μεμιγμένα ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό vinegar and wine mixed together Hm 10, 3, 3. ἐσμυρνισμένος οἶν. wine mixed with myrrh Mk 15:23. W. ἔλαιον D 13:6; used medicinally (Theophr., HP 9, 12; Diosc., Mat. Med. 5, 9) Lk 10:34; stored in a cellar Hm 11:15. W. other natural products Rv 18:13. John the Baptist abstains fr. wine and other alcoholic drink (cp. Num 6:3; Judg 13:14; 1 Km 1:11) Lk 1:15; to denote the extraordinary degree of his abstinence it is said of him μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον 7:33 (Diod S 1, 72, 2 the Egyptians in mourning for their kings abstain from wheat bread [πυρός] and from wine). Abstinence fr. wine and meat for the sake of ‘weak’ Christians Ro 14:21 (Ltzm., Hdb. exc. before Ro 14. Lit. on ἀσθενής 2c and λάχανον). ἡ ἡδονὴ τοῦ οἴνου the flavor of the wine Hm 12, 5, 3. οἶν. νέος new wine (s. νέος 1a) Mt 9:17 (WNagel, VigChr 14, ’60, 1–8: [GTh]); Mk 2:22; Lk 5:37f.—μεθύσκεσθαι οἴνῳ get drunk with wine Eph 5:18 (on bad effects of wine on the mind as viewed by early Gk. poets, s. SDarcusSullivan, L’AntCl 65, ’96, 31–51, esp. 47–49). οἶνος πολύς (Ps.-Anacharsis, Ep. 3 p. 103 H.): οἴνῳ πολλῷ προσέχειν be addicted to much wine 1 Ti 3:8. οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένη enslaved to drink Tit 2:3 (cp. the stereotyped ‘anus’ in Lat. lit. VRosivach, Classical World 88, ’94, 113f). οἴνῳ ὀλίγῳ χρῆσθαι take a little wine 1 Ti 5:23 (perh. w. implication of contrast to a ὑδροπότης: s. ὑδροποτέω; the moderate use of wine is recommended fr. the time of Theognis [509f]; Plut., Mor. 353b of οἶνος: χρῶνται μέν, ὀλίγῳ δέ; Ps.-Plut., Hom. 206; Crates, Ep. 10).—KKircher, D. sakrale Bed. des Weines im Altertum 1910; VZapletal, D. Wein in d. Bibel 1920; JDöller, Der Wein in Bibel u. Talmud: Biblica 4, 1923, 143–67, 267–99; JBoehmer, D. NT u. d. Alkohol: Studierstube 22, 1926, 322–64; EZurhellen-Pfleiderer, D. Alkoholfrage im NT 1927; IRaymond, The Teaching of the Early Church on the Use of Wine, etc. 1927. S. also ἄμπελος a and ἄρτος 1c.
    ② punishments that God inflicts on the wicked, wine fig. ext. of 1, in apocalyptic symbolism, to ‘drink’ as wine: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ the wine of God’s wrath Rv 14:10. Also ὁ οἶν. τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ θεοῦ 19:15; cp. 16:19. Of Babylon the prostitute ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 14:8; 18:3. Cp. θυμός on all these passages. οἶν. τῆς πορνείας 17:2.
    ③ the plant that makes the production of wine possible, vine or vineyard, eventually the product wine, effect for cause: Rv 6:6; s. ἔλαιον 2. The preservation of olive orchards and vineyards is a striking exhibition of divine mercy, given the social context in which consumption of wine and olives and use of olive oil played a significant role.—RHalberstsma, Wine in Classical Antiquity: Minerva 7/1 Jan/Feb ’96, 14–18; NPurcell, Wine and Wealth in Ancient Italy: JRS 75, ’85, 1–19.—B. 390. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οἶνος

  • 2 προσέχω

    προσέχω impf. προσεῖχον; fut. προσέξω LXX; 2 aor. προσέσχον (1 Cl 4:2=Gen 4:5); pf. προσέσχηκα; plpf. 2 pl. προσεσχήκειτε (Just., D. 64, 3); verbal adj. n. προσεχτέον (TestSol 13:1 C) (Aeschyl., Hdt.+). In non-biblical wr. the prim. mng. ‘have in close proximity to’; freq. act. as mostly in our lit. of mental processes ‘turn one’s mind to’ (so in the phrase πρ. τὸν νοῦν τινι Aristoph. et al.; Just., D. 64, 3 al.; but also freq. without τὸν νοῦν X. et al., likew. Wsd 8:12; 1 Macc 7:11; 4 Macc 1:1).
    ① to be in a state of alert, be concerned about, care for, take care w. dat. χήρᾳ, ὀρφανῷ B 20:2. προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς καὶ παντὶ τῷ ποιμνίῳ Ac 20:28 (Sb IV, 7353, 9f [200 A.D.] a son advises his mother to look out for herself and not to be worried [διστάζειν] about him, for he is in a good place).—προσέχειν ἑαυτῷ be careful, be on one’s guard (Plut., Mor. 150b νήφων καὶ προσέχων ἑαυτῷ; Gen 24:6; Ex 10:28; 34:12; Dt 4:9; 6:12 al.) Lk 17:3; B 4:6. W. inf. foll. 2:1. Foll. by μήποτε take care that … not or take care lest … Lk 21:34. Foll. by ἀπό τινος beware of, be on one’s guard against someth. (TestLevi 9:9; TestDan 6:1.—B-D-F §149; Rob. 577) 12:1. προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις τί μέλλετε πράσσειν take care what you propose to do with these men Ac 5:35 (on the function of ἐπί here, see ἐπί 14a).—The reflexive pron. can also be omitted (cp. UPZ 69, 7 [152 B.C.] προσέχω μή; 2 Ch 25:16; Sir 13:8) προσέχωμεν μήποτε B 4:14. προσέχετε μήπως Ox 840, 2 (Unknown Sayings 93f). προσέχειν ἀπό τινος beware of someone or someth. (Sir 6:13; 11:33; 17:14; 18:27; Syntipas p. 94, 28 πρόσεχε ἀπὸ τῶν πολιτῶν) Mt 7:15; 10:17; 16:6, 11f; Lk 20:46; D 6:3; 12:5. Foll. by μή and the inf. take care not Mt 6:1.
    ② to pay close attention to someth., pay attention to, give heed to, follow
    ⓐ w. dat. of pers. (Polyb. 6, 37, 7; Cass. Dio 58, 23, 2; Diog. L. 1, 49; Jos., Bell. 1, 32, Ant. 8, 34; 264) τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ IPhld 7:1; IPol 6:1. τοῖς προφήταις ISm 7:2. Cp. Ac 8:10f. πρ. τοῖς φυσιοῦσίν με pay heed to those who puff me up ITr 4:1. πρ. πνεύμασι πλάνοις 1 Ti 4:1.
    ⓑ w. dat. of thing προσεῖχε τῷ πετάλῳ τοῦ ἱερέως he (Joachim) took note of the priest’s frontlet GJs 5:1. Heed words or instruction (Mnesimachus Com. [IV B.C.] 4, 21 πρόσεχʼ οἷς φράζω; Plut., Mor. 362b; PPetr II, 20 II, 1 τῇ ἐπιστολῇ; 1 Macc 7:11; Jos., Ant. 8, 241 τ. λόγοις; TestZeb 1:2; Just., D. 10, 1; Tat. 12, 3; Ath. 7, 3) πρ. τοῖς λεγομένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Φιλίππου pay attention to what was said by Philip Ac 8:6 (λέγω 1bκ); cp. 16:14. πρ. μύθοις (Ps.-Plut., Pro Nobilitate 21, end τοῖς Αἰσωπικοῖς μύθοις προσέχοντες) 1 Ti 1:4; Tit 1:14.—Hb 2:1; 2 Pt 1:19. ἐμαῖς βουλαῖς 1 Cl 57:5 (Pr 1:30); cp. 57:4 (Pr 1:24; w. dat. τοῖς λόγοις to be supplied).—1 Cl 2:1; 2 Cl 19:1; MPol 2:3. (τούτοις) ἃ ἐνετείλατο προσέχετε B 7:6.—Mid. attach oneself to, cling to w. dat. of thing (lit. and fig. Trag., Hdt.+) εἴ τις μὴ προσέχεται ὑγιαίνουσιν λόγοις 1 Ti 6:3 v.l.
    ⓒ abs. pay attention, be alert, notice (Demosth. 21, 8; Diod S 20, 21, 2 οὐδεὶς προσεῖχεν; PMagd 22, 5 [221 B.C.]; Sir 13:13) 2 Cl 17:3; B 4:9; B 7:9. προσέχετε ἀκριβῶς pay close attention 7:4. Foll. by indir. question: πῶς 7:7. τί 15:4. προσέχετε ἵνα see to it that 16:8.—προσέχετε as v.l. for προσεύχεσθε Mt 5:44.
    ⓓ ἐπὶ ταῖς θυσίαις αὐτοῦ οὐ προσέσχεν (God) took no notice of (Cain’s) sacrifices 1 Cl 4:2 (Gen 4:5).
    ③ to continue in close attention to someth., occupy oneself with, devote or apply oneself to w. dat. (Hdt. et al.; Demosth. 1, 6 τῷ πολέμῳ; Herodian 2, 11, 3 γεωργίᾳ καὶ εἰρήνῃ; POxy 531, 11 [II A.D.] τοῖς βιβλίοις σου) τῇ ἀναγνώσει κτλ. 1 Ti 4:13. τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ, officiate at the altar Hb 7:13. οἴνῳ πολλῷ πρ. be addicted to much wine 1 Ti 3:8 (Polyaenus, Strateg. 8, 56 τρυφῇ καὶ μέθῃ).—M-M. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > προσέχω

  • 3 πάροινος

    πάροινος, ον (Lysias 4, 8; Menand., Peric. 1022 S. [444 Kö.]; Diog. L. 1, 92; Lucian, Tim. 55; the emendation TestJud 14:4 Ch. rests on a misunderstanding of the lit. structure in that book; π. is used of people in all these exx.) pert. to one who is given to drinking too much wine, addicted to wine, drunken 1 Ti 3:3; Tit 1:7.—DELG s.v. οἶνος. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πάροινος

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